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J. P. HAYES.

Domestic Oven.

No. 16,143. Patented Dec. 2, 1856.

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A( JZ l f- Y Y Cz C' i y i j of j h d' UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

JOHN P. HAYES, OF PHILADELPHIA, PENNSYLVANIA.

OVEN.

Specification of Letters Patent No. 16,143, dated December 2, 1856.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, JOI-IN P. HAYES, of the city of Philadelphia, in theState of Pennsylvania, have invented a new and useful Improvement inOvens; and I do hereby declare that the following is a full, clear, andexact description of the construction and operation of the same,reference being had to the accompanying drawings, making a part of thisspecification, in which- Figure 1, is a transverse vertical section;Fig. 2, a longitudinal vertical section; Fig. 3, a horizontal sectionjust below the top plate; and Fig. 4, a like sect-ion just above t-helower oven; similar letters on the different figures, indicating thesame objects.

My invention relates to those cast-iron ovens which are usuallyconstructed and applied as elevated side ovens in connection with arange for generating the heat, and consists in a peculiar mode ofconstructing and arranging the draft fines and escape, so as to diffusethe heat more equably around the ovens, and especially so over the topof the same.

Referring to the drawings A, A, are the ovens proper; B, B, the outercasing; C-- the flues, the direction of the draft of which, beingindicated by the arrows; D, the escape; and E, the damper. The ovens areboth made to draw out of the casing (B), in the usual manner, for thepurpose of cleansing the flues, the two sides, top, and back of the saidovens being made of sheet-iron united together, and the sides sliding ingrooves in the stationary cast iron plate which forms the bottom of eachoven-the usual doors when closed, constituting the front. It hashitherto been the practice to make a dumb flue space behind each ofthese ovens as well as at one side, and consequently t-he direct draftor strongest heat in such constructions passes first beneath the oven,then up one side, and finally over the top to the escape flue, therebyheating these sides of the oven more intensely than the dumb flue sides;and also in conducting the draft to the escape, over the top surface ofthe upper oven as hitherto, a perfect diifusion of the heat over thesaid surface, has not been attained. To remedy th-ese defects, I makethe vertical partition plate (f) which heretofore produced the dumb fluebehind the oven, with an oblong opening (g,) through it on the side nextto the oven, which opening is about one fourth the width and nearly thewhole length of said plate, as shown in the drawings-or, of such acapacity as will cause the direct draft (C) which enters from therangefire, to be dividedv into two currents; the one passing acrossbeneath the oven and up on the side C; the other, along the oppositeside (C2) thence behind the oven (C3), and through the oblong opening(g), where it joins the other current (G), and then together as onecurrent (0*) passes between the ovens (A and A); or, (if only one ovenexists) over the top of the same to the escape flue (D). This perforatedpartition (f) is fixed to the back of the movable sheet-ironoven-casing, so as to be withdrawn with it; and, for the purpose ofcatching the soot and ashes which from time to time become deposited onthe top of the oven, I fiX a trough which, being of the same width `asthe partition plate its bottoni forms the usual top partition platewhich prevents the current from passing upward, and now directs it tothe oblong opening (g) and so that when the oven is being drawn out, thesoot and dust on top thereof is heaped up by being drawn in contact withthe stationary outer front casing (B) until the trough (la.) reaches thesame, when the said soot and dust falls thereinto and becomes removedwith the oven; thus prevent ing its deposit upon the lower plate of theoven as hitherto. For the purpose of more equably diffusing the heatedcurrent, over the top of the upper oven, or the one neXt to the escape,I make the said escape iiue (D), directly over the center of the same,and shut 0H the draft on three sides of the same, byV means of thevertical plates, or partit-ions (F, F, F), so arranged that as thecurrent which comes up from the flue (C7) at the side and passes overthe top of the oven, it becomes divided into two currents (C8 and CS) bythe said plates, as shown by the arrows, and passing the plates theyagain unite into one current (C9) and return between the said plates,and thus enter the escape (D) every part of the top of the said ovenbeing thus more equably subjected to the action of the heated draft thanby any other arrangement hitherto known or used. The strength orvelocity of the heated current or currents, is regulated by means of thedamper in the usual manner.

What I claim as my invention and desire catching trough (it) at the backpart of to secure by Letters Patent, is as follows, each of the saidovens,substanta11y and for l0 viz: the purpose set forth and described.

1. I claim ma ing an oblong opening g 5 through the plate (f) which isfixed to the JOHN P' HAYES back of each of the ovens, substantially andW'Vtnesses: for the purpose set forth and described. BEN MoNsoN7 2. Iclaim the arrangementof the soot- JNO. B. KENNEY.

